Ensuring that economic growth benefits hard-working Nigerians in the form of higher wages and rising living standards is the central economic challenge of our time. Unfortunately, the national gross income per capita in Nigeria remained nearly unchanged at around US$:2,140. However, 2022 marked the second consecutive increase of the national gross income. Gross national income (GNI) per capita is the total amount of money received by a country (regardless of whether it originates in the country or abroad) divided by the midyear population. The World Bank uses a conversion system known as the Atlas method, which uses a price adjusted, three year moving average, which smoothes out exchange rate fluctuations. Seventy Nine percent (79%) women represent between 60 and 79 percent of Nigeria’s rural labour force but are five times less likely to own their own land than men. Women are also less likely to have had a decent education. Over three-quarters of the poorest women in Nigeria have never been to school and 94% of them are illiterate. Wages for most workers grew exceptionally slowly between, despite productivity, which essentially measures the economy’s potential for providing rising living standards for all. In other words, most Nigerians, even those with college degrees, are treading water despite working more productively (and being better educated) than ever.

• CEPERD research demonstrates that wage stagnation, weak income growth, and wealth disparities can be traced to policy decisions that have eroded the bargaining power of low- and middle-wage workers.
• CEPERD’s research survey people from across the socio-economic spectrum about their financial wellbeing inform a wealth of policy, programme, and personal decisions.
• CEPERD researchers are skillful at exploring both the reality and perception of wealth. The research includes questions on topics such as wealth, income, and identity.