Monitoring and evaluation are essential management tools which help to ensure that health activities are implemented as planned and to assess whether desired results are being achieved. PHD develops the capacity to undertake monitoring and evaluation operational research to identify health service delivery gaps. The Division is therefore primarily placed to interrogate the basis for and make recommendations for public health advocacy and public policy, PHD has, in addition, developed key partnerships with academic, research, and public policy organizations in the region to further this objective. The Division helps to ensure that healthcare programmes and services are effective, efficient, and responsive to the health needs of communities.